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Effects of Selected Plants Extracts on in vitro Growth of Ralstonia slanacearum (Smith), the Causal Agent of Bacterial Wilt of Irish Potatoes
A.G. Wagura,S.O. Wagai,L. Manguro,B.M. Gichimu
Plant Pathology Journal , 2011,
Abstract: The antibacterial effect of crude medicinal plant extracts of Ocimum gratissimum, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis and Ipomoea batatas on Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) extracted from infected potato tubers was determined by in vitro study using ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The extracts were used at concentrations of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 mg mL-1. It was found that all the plant extracts used at their different concentrations except methanol extracts of Ipomea batatas at 0.025 mg mL-1 were effective to varying degrees in controlling the growth of bacterial colonies. The best results were observed with ethyl acetate extracts of Ipomoea batatas at concentration of 0.4 mg mL-1 giving mean inhibition zone of 4.2 mm followed by ethyl acetate extract of Brassica oleracea at concentration of 0.05 mg mL-1 that was 4.12 mm.
Chemical Solubilization of Coal using HF and Characterization of Products by FTIR, FT Raman, SEM and Elemental Analysis  [PDF]
B. Manoj, A.G. Kunjomana
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering (JMMCE) , 2010, DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2010.910067
Abstract: An examination of the structural features of sub-bituminous coal samples from Godavari coal field, India were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR, FT Raman, and elemental analysis. SEM micrograph analysis of virgin coal revealed the features of lithophiles like aluminium, silicates and calcium. To remove minerals and enhance the carbon content, the sample was leached with HF of different concentrations. FT Raman spectra in the range 100 to 3500 cm-1 region were obtained for coal samples. The same sample was recorded with FTIR for comparison purpose. The spectrums were found to have similar broad characteristics. Certain bands were found to be both Raman and IR active. Variation in band intensity and position was found to be sample dependent. Graphite and defect band was observed on the Raman spectrum. The absence of the features corresponding to inorganic elements in HF leached residual samples was an indication of demineralization. The CHNS analysis showed that the oxygen content decreased by 63% when treated with HF (20%) where as carbon content increased by about 29.63%. The calorific value a remarkable increase of 37% with HF (10%) leaching. In the SEM micrograph of leached sample cracks and devolatization holes were observed. Proximate analysis showed a systematic decrease in ash content from 12.87 wt% to 3.06 wt% with leaching. It was evident from the results that Hydrofluoric acid had significant effect in removing the mineral matter and oxygenated functional groups from the coal.
Analytical Study of Two Differently Ranked Coals Using UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy  [PDF]
B. Manoj, A.G. Kunjomana
Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering (JMMCE) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2011.1010070
Abstract: The characterization of Indian bituminous and subbituminous coal was performed by UVVisible– NIR spectroscopy. Chemical leaching with varying concentration of hydrofluoric acid was conducted on both the samples. Electronic absorption at this region was higher for higher ranked coals. Chemical leaching increased electronic transitions in subbituminous coal with maximum transitions for HF (10%) leached samples. The absorption maximum of benzeneoxygen system was found between 235-270 nm and was showing a red shift with leaching. The characteristic naphthalene ring systems (220 & 280 nm) were masked by the absorption regions of monoaromatic rings; indicating the content of napthalenoid hydrocarbon was very low. The bands observed in the visible region (450nm) were attributed to SO2 in the sample and was showing a red shift. The weak band at the 680 nm was attributed to the Ⅱ-Ⅱ* electronic transitions of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which also showed red shift with leaching. It was found that the ash content is reduced by 87.5% & 76.2% in bituminous and subbituminous coal respectively with HF (30%) leaching.
The Coronal Pulp Cavity Index: A Forensic Tool for Age Determination in Human Adults
Drusini,A.G.;
Cuadernos de Medicina Forense , 2008, DOI: 10.4321/S1135-76062008000300006
Abstract: the correlation between the reduction of the coronal pulp cavity and the chronological age was examined in a sample of 846 intact teeth from 433 individuals of known age and sex. panoramic (rotational) radiography was used to measure the length (mm) of the tooth crown (cl=coronal length) and the length (mm) of the coronal pulp cavity (cpcl=coronal pulp cavity length). the tooth-coronal index (tci) after ikeda et al. (1985) was computed for each tooth and regressed on the real age of the sample. the correlation coefficients ranged from -0.92 (molars, combined sample, right side) to -0.87 (female molars), with a s.e. of the estimate ranging from 5.88 to 6.66 years. correlations were slightly higher in males than females. the obtained equations allowed estimation of age in a sample of 100 teeth of both sexes (not used for the regression) with an error of ± 5 years in 81.4% of cases for the male molars. this study shows the potential value of a little-known aging method, which can be easily used to estimate age both in living individuals and skeletal material of unknown age in a forensic context.
Jesus’ affection towards children and Matthew’s tale of two kings
A.G Aarde
Acta Theologica , 2004,
Abstract: On account of multiple and independent attestations in early Christian literature Jesus’ affection towards children can be taken as historical authentic. From a perspective of the social stratification of first-century Herodian Palestine, this article argues that it is possible to consider these children as part of the expendable class. Neither Mark nor its parallel texts in the other Gospels refer to parents bringing these children to Jesus. They seem to be “street urchins”. In this article the episode where Jesus defends the cause of fatherless children in the Synoptic Gospels is interpreted from the perspective of Matthew’s version of Jesus’ affection towards children. The aim is to demonstrate that Matthew situates the beginning and end of Jesus’ public ministry within the context of Jesus’ relationship to children. Jesus’ baptism by John (Mt 3:15) and Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem (Mt 21:1-17) form the two poles of his ministry in Matthew. Both episodes are described as a kind of “cleansing of the temple”. Both incidents were (in a midrash fashion) understood by Matthew as fulfilment of Scripture. The baptism scene is a Matthean allusion to Isaiah 1:13-17 and the record of the entry into Jerusalem is an explicit interpretation of Jeremiah 7:1-8.
On the Diffusion in Solids under Finite Deformation
A.G. Varias
The Open Mechanics Journal , 2007, DOI: 10.2174/1874158400701010026]
Abstract: The governing equations of diffusion in solids, undergoing finite deformation, are presented. Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions are provided. The governing equations are particularly useful in cases of diffusion-driven degradation mechanisms ahead of cracks in metals, when crack tip blunting is not negligible. Emphasis is placed on hydrogeninduced embrittlement.
CHICAGO SCHOOL OF URBAN SOCIOLOGY: TO THE IDENTITY ACROSS BORDERS / ЧИКАГСКАЯ ШКОЛА СОЦИОЛОГИИ ГОРОДА: К ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ЧЕРЕЗ ГРАНИЦЫ
Kuznetsov A.G. / Кузнецов Андрей Геннадиевич
Sociologia Goroda , 2010,
Abstract: The evolution of the concept "identity" in the developmental history of socio-humanitarian ideas considered. The role of the Chicago sociologists in the decision appeared in the center of their attention to environmental issues of local communities, establish, maintain, trespass between them, as well as problems of cultural identity covered. / Рассмотрена эволюция концепта идентичность в истории развития социогуманитарной мысли. Освещена роль чикагских социологов в решении оказавшихся в центре их внимания проблем экологии локальных сообществ, установления, поддержания, нарушения границ между ними, а также проблемы культурной идентичности.
Acoustic Ganglion In The Chick During Development and Ageing Process
A.G. Pillay
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences , 1999,
Abstract: On the evidence available, the dark cells are considered as active ones and the light cells as those that have failed to establish functional projections, inactive, dying, dead or degenerating ones. Cell death is most prominent and common among the small as well as the medium sized ones; probably it is during these stages of cell growth, the peripheral and central processes of axons begin to grow from the cell body and attempt to get established in their projection fields. It is strange that the ganglionic volume is the greatest on embryonic day 18 (E18) during the whole ontogeny even though its rostrocaudal length is greatest in the adulthood, unlike other ganglia studied in which the ganglionic volume is the greatest in the adult situation. The reduction in the size of the adult ganglion and in the number of its neurones might indicate a functional reduction, as a result of ageing process. Probably the larger classes of cells that have appeared in certain stages of development and growth are functionally unimportant or redundant in this ganglion and are eliminated in the adult situation.
Vestibular Ganglion as a Model System of Vital-neural Centre During Embryonic Development
A.G. Pillay
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences , 2000,
Abstract: Chick embryos at different stages of development till hatching as well as vestibular ganglia of the adult were fixed in formol-saline. Serial sections were stained by Cresyl Fast Violet to analyse the results in the vestibular ganglion. Neurones were categorised and counted. The appearance of a few light cells on Embryonic day 6 (E6) might indirectly indicate the beginning of an early establishment of functional connections in the vestibular ganglion in contrast to most other ganglia studied. The fluctuation in the number of cells during embryonic development may be considered as a normal process for the purpose of re-arrangement for better organisation in order to perform an efficient function. Volume of the vestibular ganglion is the greatest on Embryonic-day 18 (E18) during the whole ontogeny even though its rostro-caudal length is greatest in the adult. This is in contrast to that observed in several other ganglia where the ganglionic volume is the greatest in the adult situation. The reduction or loss of ganglionic neurones in the adult in comparison to that observed on the day of hatching might indicate a functional reduction as a result of ageing process. The appearance of an increased number of tiny cells in the adult in comparison to that observed on the day of hatching is different and peculiar from that observed in other ganglia studied. These new cells are probably derived from active mitoses of reserved neuroblasts. This possibly provides an attempt to replace the inactive / or dead cells during ageing process.
Developmental and Age-related Changes in Morphometry and Cellular Density of the Vestibular Ganglion in the Chick
A.G. Pillay
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences , 1999,
Abstract: Vestibular ganglia at different stages of development in the chick and that of the adult were fixed in formal-saline. Serial sections were taken and stained by cresyl fast violet to analyse the results. Cells were categorised and counted. Ganglionic volume is the greatest on E18 during the whole ontogeny even though its rostrocaudal length is the greatest in the adult. This is quite different from that observed in other ganglia studied where the ganglionic volume is the greatest in the adult situation. The increased size of the ganglion on E18 might be related to the increased size of the cells, increased size of the neuropil (network of neuronal processes and neuroglia) and to the effects of tissue reactions resulting from the toxic substances of the dead cells. The loss of cells in the adult in comparison to that observed on the day of hatching might indicate a functional reduction as a result of ageing process. The fluctuation in the number of cells during development might be considered as a normal process for the purpose of re-arrangement for better organisation in order to perform an efficient function. The cell-loss has essentially ended around E15 by the time the ganglion begins to show its greatest expansion so as to reach its maximum size on E18. The appearance of a few light cells in the vestibular ganglion on E6 might indirectly indicate the beginning of an early establishment of a functional connection. This might possibly mean that an early development of functional organisation of the vestibular ganglion is an important factor for the proper development of other organs and systems during embryonic development. The appearance of an increased number of tiny cells in the adult ganglion is peculiar from that observed in other ganglia studied; possibly these tiny cells, by their growth, maturation and establishment of functional connections, replace those inactive (or dead) cells, during ageing process. Possibly, continuation of an efficient vestibular function is important for the normal behaviour of the animal.
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